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B1 Grammar • Gaming & Esports ⏱️ 12 minutes

🎮 Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Learn how to add extra facts between commas using which, whose, where, and who.

📌 How to use this lesson

For Teachers

Teach this 12-minute grammar booster by reviewing the 4 rules together.

Check the practice answers with the class or let students compare in pairs.

For Learners

First, read the rule table carefully and look at the gaming examples.

Next, complete the 12 practice challenges from easy to hard.

🕹️ Rule Table: 4 Key Moves

Grammar Guide

Extra Information & Commas

A non-defining clause gives extra information about a noun that is already clear. It always goes between commas. The sentence is still complete and makes sense without it.

Example 1: "My brother, who plays every night, wants to join a team."

Example 2: "This new console, which cost me all my savings, runs every modern game smoothly."

Choose the Right Word & Never 'That'

Use who for people, which for things, whose for belongings or relationships, and where for places. Never use that in these clauses. Always keep who or which even when talking about specific groups.

Example 1: "Our school, where we have a gaming club, is near the park."

Example 2: "That esports commentator, whose voice is known worldwide, made the final exciting."

Never Drop the Pronoun

The pronoun cannot be left out in these clauses, even when it is the object. Leaving it out is only possible in defining clauses. You must always write the pronoun right after the first comma.

Example 1: "The game, which I bought last week, is too hard."

Example 2: "The wireless controller, which my teammate brought today, feels completely realistic."

'Which' Referring to a Whole Idea

Which with a comma can also refer to a whole idea before it. It then means something like 'and this'. This pattern never uses who, that, or where to describe the whole previous situation.

Example 1: "She won the final, which surprised everyone."

Example 2: "Our team beat the hardest multiplayer level, which seemed impossible yesterday."

⚔️ Practice Arena: 12 Challenges

Work through all four rounds from easy to hard.

🏆

Round 1 Choose the Correct Sentence

Question 1 (word)

Which sentence is correct?

Sentence 1: This competitive tournament, which takes place in Seoul, offers huge prizes.

Sentence 2: This competitive tournament, that takes place in Seoul, offers huge prizes.

____ Sentence 1 ____ Sentence 2

Question 2 (commas)

Which sentence is correct?

Sentence 1: The new multiplayer mode, which has ten maps, is very exciting.

Sentence 2: The new multiplayer mode which has ten maps is very exciting.

____ Sentence 1 ____ Sentence 2

Question 3 (missing)

Which sentence is correct?

Sentence 1: The wireless controller, which I ordered online, arrived today.

Sentence 2: The wireless controller, I ordered online, arrived today.

____ Sentence 1 ____ Sentence 2

Round 2 Join Two Sentences into One

Question 4 (person)

Rewrite the two sentences as one using who:

"Our top opponent trains ten hours a day. He won the match."

____ (Type the full combined sentence here...)

Question 5 (action)

Rewrite the two sentences as one using which:

"The final match was very intense. This delighted the crowd."

____ (Type the full combined sentence here...)

Question 6 (object)

Rewrite the two sentences as one using which (do not omit it):

"This realistic driving setup cost five hundred dollars. My cousin built it."

____ (Type the full combined sentence here...)

Round 3 Fill the Gaps

Question 7 (place)

The esports arena, _____ the championship takes place, holds five thousand fans.

____ where ____ which ____ who ____ whose

Question 8 (result)

We unlocked the secret level together, _____ gave us the highest ranking.

____ which ____ where ____ who ____ that

Question 9 (whole)

The commentator shouted loudly during the play, _____ made the stream go viral.

____ which ____ whose ____ who ____ where

Round 4 Fix the Glitch in the Chat Message

Question 10 (comma)

🎮 Discord Chat #general

Liam: "We just tried the realistic game mode, that was completely insane!"

Which word in Liam's message is an error?

____ that ____ just ____ realistic ____ was

Question 11 (pause)

🎮 Discord Chat #team-tactics

Maya: "Our main opponent who plays from Japan just joined the lobby."

What punctuation is missing around the extra detail 'who plays from Japan'?

____ commas ____ capital letters ____ full stops ____ question marks

Question 12 (owner)

🎮 Discord Chat #tournament-feed

Alex: "Our opponent, which strategy was aggressive, lost the final round."

Which word in Alex's message should be replaced with 'whose'?

____ which ____ opponent ____ aggressive ____ round

Grammar: Non-defining Relative Clauses in Gaming

🎮 Non-Defining Relative Clauses

📌 How to use this lesson

🕹️ Rule Table: 4 Key Moves

Extra Information & Commas

Choose the Right Word & Never 'That'

Never Drop the Pronoun

'Which' Referring to a Whole Idea

⚔️ Practice Arena: 12 Challenges

Round 1 Choose the Correct Sentence

Round 2 Join Two Sentences into One

Round 3 Fill the Gaps

Round 4 Fix the Glitch in the Chat Message

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