When describing inventions, we usually care more about the creation than who built it. Use the Past Passive for historical inventions and the Present Passive for ongoing manufacturing.

Thomas Edison is famous for the ___ of the electric light bulb.

Hint: Use the noun form of "invent" that means the object created.

A good ___ thinks about how a product looks and how people use it.

Hint: Use the noun form of "design" referring to the person.

Engineers test new ___ to make car parts lighter.

Hint: Use the plural noun form of "material".

The factory shifted to automated machinery to increase overall ___ speed.

Hint: Use the noun form meaning the manufacturing process.

Many modern ___ (device) fit in a pocket.

Hint: Use the plural noun form of "device".

1. Factories use ___ materials such as wood and metal.

2. Cars are cheap because of ___ production.

3. She made an ___ invention that changed many lives.

4. A smartphone is a small ___ device.

5. The laptop features a ___ design with smooth aluminum edges and minimal branding.

Match each essay phrase to its primary communicative function:

Instructions: Select the single best function column for each row.

Rewrite the sentence:

Complete the passive paraphrase using the same verb:

Around 1440, the movable type printing press ___ by Gutenberg.

Select the best paraphrase:

Which option accurately rewrites this idea without changing the meaning?

Rewrite the sentence:

Complete the passive paraphrase:

This electric vehicle ___ to utilize sustainable materials.

Today, millions of phones ___ (manufacture) in factories.

Hint: The subject 'phones' is plural, and the time marker is 'Today' (present fact).

In 1928, Alexander Fleming ___ penicillin by accident while investigating bacteria in his laboratory.

Renewable solar panels ___ sunlight into clean electricity for households.

Hint: Use a present simple verb that means to change or transform (7 letters, starts with c).