Answers and an explanation for each question appear once you add this activity to your own library.

📌 How to use this lesson

For the teacher:

Guide learners through these four short tasks in 10–12 minutes.

Check the answers together before students move on to the main writing task.

For the learner:

First, complete the four quick warm-up tasks on words and sentences.

Next, use these linking words and passive forms when you describe your own process.

MODULE 1 • PROCESS SKILLS WARM-UP

How a Newspaper is Printed and Delivered

Before writing a complete process report, practise the key building blocks: word families, sequence linkers, passive verbs, and sentence rewriting.

Part (a): Word forms

Complete each sentence using the correct form of the word in brackets.

1. The daily [produce] of national newspapers requires huge rolls of recycled paper.

Answer: ____

2. Fleet vans leave the depot early to ensure prompt [deliver] to local newsagents.

Answer: ____

3. Once the layout is approved by editors, the actual [print] begins.

Answer: ____

4. Trucks return to the depot late at night for the [collect] of unsold copies.

Answer: ____

5. A logistics team manages the regional [distribute] network for thirty cities.

Answer: ____

Part (b): Linking words for a process

Choose the best word to complete each sentence in the newspaper sequence.

1. ________, journalists research stories and draft articles on their computers.

____ a. First ____ b. Finally ____ c. During

2. ________, the sub-editors check facts, correct grammar, and design the page layouts.

____ a. In conclusion ____ b. Next ____ c. Since

3. The approved pages are turned into metal plates. ________, high-speed rotary presses print the pages.

____ a. Then ____ b. Earlier ____ c. Although

4. ________, mechanical cutters slice the continuous sheets and fold them into complete issues.

____ a. Prior to ____ b. At first ____ c. After that

5. ________, delivery drivers load the bundles into vans and transport them to retail outlets.

____ a. Initially ____ b. Finally ____ c. Meanwhile ____ d. Before

Part (c): Passive process verbs

Fill in each blank with the correct passive verb from the word bank below.

Word Bank

is gathered are pressed is printed are bundled are transported

1. News information ________ from journalists stationed across different cities.

Verb: ____

2. Metal printing plates ________ against ink rollers to transfer images onto paper.

Verb: ____

3. Each edition ________ on long continuous reels of lightweight newsprint paper.

Verb: ____

4. Finished newspapers ________ into stacks of fifty and wrapped with straps.

Verb: ____

5. The paper packages ________ to regional dispatch centers by overnight delivery vans.

Verb: ____

Part (d): Paraphrasing

Choose the sentence that says the same thing in different words.

Original sentence:

"Reporters write stories before editors review them."

Rewrite the sentence:

____ a. Editors review stories only after reporters have written them. ____ b. Reporters write stories while editors review them at the same time. ____ c. Editors write stories before reporters review them.

Original sentence:

"Machines fold the papers and trucks deliver them to shops."

Rewrite the sentence:

____ a. Papers are folded by machinery and then transported to stores by trucks. ____ b. Trucks deliver unfolded sheets directly to the printing machines. ____ c. Shops fold the papers after trucks collect them from the printing machines.

Original sentence:

"Unsold newspapers are collected so that workers can recycle them."

Rewrite the sentence:

____ a. Workers throw away unsold newspapers before collection takes place. ____ b. Unsold copies are gathered for the purpose of recycling. ____ c. Recycled newspapers are sent to shops to replace unsold copies.

MODULE 2 • CORE WRITING TASK

Antibiotic Resistance Process Report

Writing Task Prompt

"The diagram shows how bacteria can become resistant to an antibiotic inside a patient's body. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features."

Requirement: Write at least 150 words.

The Biological Process

Study the sequence of eight chronological stages below before planning your report.

A patient takes an antibiotic to treat an infection.

↓

The antibiotic kills most of the bacteria that cause the infection.

↓

A few bacteria carry a mutation that protects them from the drug.

↓

These resistant bacteria survive.

↓

The survivors multiply and replace the bacteria that died.

↓

The patient takes the same antibiotic again, but it no longer works well.

↓

The resistant bacteria spread to other people.

↓

Doctors must then use a different and often stronger drug.

📋 What Every Process Report Needs

Make sure your report includes all five essential elements before submitting:

✓ An overview

✓ Every stage in the right order

✓ Linking words for sequence

✓ Accurate details

✓ At least 150 words

Your Report

Type your complete process response in the box below.

Task Achievement Coherence and Cohesion Lexical Resource Grammatical Range & Accuracy

____ (Write your report here (at least 150 words)...)

MODULE 3 • MODEL REPORT & PLAIN EXPLANATIONS

Model Answer: Antibiotic Resistance

Read this complete 153-word model report. It covers all eight steps in order, uses the passive voice where appropriate, and highlights seven useful writing patterns.

Full Model Answer (153 words) Target range: 150–170 words

The diagram illustrates the process by which bacteria can develop resistance to an antibiotic inside a patient's body. Overall, the sequence comprises eight distinct stages, beginning when a patient first takes medication for an infection and concluding when medical staff must prescribe a different and stronger drug.

In the initial stage, an antibiotic is taken by a patient in order to treat an infection. While the medicine successfully destroys most of the harmful bacteria, a small number carry a mutation that protects them from the drug. As a direct consequence, these resistant bacteria survive, multiply rapidly, and replace the bacteria that previously died.

Later in the process, the patient takes the same antibiotic again, but the drug no longer works well. After that, the surviving resistant bacteria are spread to other people in the community. At the final stage, doctors are required to use a different and often stronger drug to cure the infection.

Why These Phrases Work

Here is a simple explanation and a classroom example for each highlighted expression.

"The diagram illustrates the process by which..."

Why this works: This is a clear, standard opening sentence that tells your reader right away what the visual diagram explains without copying the task instructions word for word.

Example: "The diagram illustrates the process by which dirty river water is cleaned for drinking."

"...comprises eight distinct stages..."

Why this works: Stating the total number of steps in your overview shows the examiner that you understand the whole picture from start to finish before getting into details.

Example: "The manufacturing cycle comprises five clear stages."

"...an antibiotic is taken..."

Why this works: Using the passive voice puts the focus directly on the action and the medicine itself, which sounds more factual and report-like than repeatedly talking about "the patient".

Example: "The painkiller is taken twice daily after meals."

"As a direct consequence, ..."

Why this works: This phrase shows that one event happened because of the step before it.

Example: "The factory closed down. As a direct consequence, many workers moved to another town."

"...no longer works well..."

Why this works: It describes a real change in condition simply and accurately. You do not need overly complicated words when plain everyday English states the fact directly.

Example: "After two hours in the rain, the flashlight no longer works well."

"...are spread to other people..."

Why this works: This passive form says how the bacteria move from person to person without saying who spreads them.

Example: "Flu germs are easily spread to other children in the classroom."

"...are required to use..."

Why this works: This phrase shows necessity. It explains that the doctors must switch medicines because the previous choice has stopped working.

Example: "Visitors are required to wear safety helmets inside the construction area."

Writing Task 1: Antibiotic Resistance

📌 How to use this lesson

How a Newspaper is Printed and Delivered

Part (a): Word forms

Part (b): Linking words for a process

Part (c): Passive process verbs

Part (d): Paraphrasing

Antibiotic Resistance Process Report

The Biological Process

📋 What Every Process Report Needs

Your Report

Model Answer: Antibiotic Resistance

Why These Phrases Work

"The diagram illustrates the process by which..."

"...comprises eight distinct stages..."

"...an antibiotic is taken..."

"As a direct consequence, ..."

"...no longer works well..."

"...are spread to other people..."

"...are required to use..."

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