B2IELTS-style · Band 5.5–6.5Speaking30 min

IELTS Speaking: Population and Census

Population, census and counting people

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Target: 6.0-6.5 Module 1 • Vocabulary & Patterns

🗣️ Population, Census & Counting People

Get ready with core words, natural patterns, and quick facts about population before your speaking practice.

📌 How to use this lesson

For the Teacher

  • Guide students through Module 1 vocabulary, matching, sentence patterns, and fun facts in about 10 minutes.
  • Check answers together and ensure students feel comfortable with the target phrases before moving to speaking.

For the Learner

  • Review the unit words and complete all interactive exercises first to build your topic vocabulary.
  • Practice reading the example sentence patterns out loud before recording your answers in later modules.
1

Unit Vocabulary Review

Choose the best word to complete each sentence.

1. The government carries out a national ___ to count all people in the country.

____ a. census ____ b. region ____ c. migrant ____ d. growth

2. A person who moves from one area or country to live in another is called a ___.

____ a. citizen ____ b. migrant ____ c. householder ____ d. majority

3. The person officially listed as responsible for a residential home is the ___.

____ a. householder ____ b. minority ____ c. settlement ____ d. region

4. Nearly all local residents voted yes, which means the vast ___ agreed.

____ a. minority ____ b. migrant ____ c. majority ____ d. census

5. That small village in the valley is a quiet, peaceful ___.

____ a. register ____ b. settlement ____ c. growth ____ d. citizen
2

Matching Collocations

Match each key collocation on the left to its plain definition on the right.

Collocation
Meaning A
Meaning B
Meaning C
Meaning D
Meaning E
Meaning F

Meanings:

A: collect official details about every person living in a country

B: a very quick increase in numbers over a short period

C: a small community located in the country, away from towns

D: nearly all of the individuals within a group

E: the main person officially listed as responsible for a home

F: someone who legally belongs to a nation with full rights

1. rural settlement
____A ____B ____C ____D ____E ____F
2. permanent citizen
____A ____B ____C ____D ____E ____F
3. conduct a census
____A ____B ____C ____D ____E ____F
4. vast majority
____A ____B ____C ____D ____E ____F
5. rapid growth
____A ____B ____C ____D ____E ____F
6. registered householder
____A ____B ____C ____D ____E ____F
3

Useful Sentence Patterns

Use these natural patterns when talking about population and numbers in IELTS Speaking.

Pattern 1

Roughly [number/fraction] people live in [place]...

Example sentence:

"Roughly a third of the residents are under thirty." 🔊

Pattern 2

There are at least [number] in [place]...

Example sentence:

"There are at least two adults in my household." 🔊

Pattern 3

The vast majority of [group] tend to [action]...

Example sentence:

"The vast majority of local residents live in high-rise flats." 🔊

Pattern 4

A small minority of [group] prefer to [action]...

Example sentence:

"A small minority of families prefer to stay in quiet rural villages." 🔊

4

Guess-the-Number Fun Facts

Test your knowledge with two facts about population before you guess the number.

📊 Fact Check #1

According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS 2026), what percentage of households in England and Wales had only one person living in them in 2021?

____ a. 10.2 percent ____ b. 20.2 percent ____ c. 30.2 percent
🌍 Fact Check #2

According to the United Nations (UN 2026), how many years did it take for the total world population to grow from 7 billion to 8 billion?

____ a. 2 years ____ b. 12 years ____ c. 22 years
2

Module 2: Part 2 Cue Card Practice

⏱️ 1 Min Prep | 90-120s Speak

Practice your 2-minute Part 2 talk on a familiar place.

📋 Candidate Task Card

IELTS Speaking Part 2

Describe the place where you live, or a place where you have lived.

You should say:

  • where it is
  • roughly how many people live there
  • what kind of people live there
  • and explain whether you would like to live there for a long time.

AI Evaluation Criteria:

Fluency and Coherence Lexical Resource Grammatical Range and Accuracy Pronunciation

[Bài tập luyện nói]

💡 Show Model Answer (After recording) ▼

Well, to be honest, I'd like to tell you about the neighbourhood where I currently live. It's a small, quiet residential area located about twenty minutes away from the town centre.

In terms of population, roughly a few thousand people live in this area, so it never feels overcrowded or noisy. It has a very relaxed vibe compared to the main city.

As for what kind of people live there, the vast majority are young families and working professionals. You also see a small minority of elderly residents who have lived there for decades. Everyone is pretty friendly, and, um, people usually say hello when walking past the local bakery in the morning.

I reckon I'd love to stay there for a long time. It's safe, peaceful, and has everything I need within walking distance. So yeah, overall, I really feel at home there, and I don't see myself moving anywhere else anytime soon.

Useful Phrases & Notes:

  • roughly a few thousand people live: useful pattern for estimating population naturally without precise figures.
  • the vast majority are: natural phrase for describing the primary demographic group in an area.
  • a small minority of: natural phrase for describing a smaller subset of people.
  • feel at home: an everyday idiom meaning to feel comfortable and settled in a location.
3

Module 3: Part 3 Discussion Practice

🗣️ 4 Discussion Questions

Answer 4 deeper Part 3 discussion questions about population trends.

Question 1

Why do so many young people leave small villages for big cities?

AI Evaluation Criteria:

Fluency and Coherence Lexical Resource Grammatical Range and Accuracy Pronunciation

[Bài tập luyện nói]

💡 Show Model Answer (After recording) ▼

Well, to be honest, I think the main reason is opportunity. In small villages, job options are usually quite limited, and there isn't much going on in terms of higher education or social life. Young people naturally want to build a solid career, so they head to big cities where there are way more companies, universities, and entertainment choices. For example, a friend of mine moved to the capital last year just to find a job in software design, which simply didn't exist back in his home village. So yeah, cities just offer a brighter future.

Useful Phrases & Notes:

  • well, to be honest: natural spoken filler to begin an answer smoothly.
  • build a solid career: strong collocation for professional growth.
  • head to big cities: everyday phrase for moving towards urban centers.
  • a brighter future: common idiom for better life opportunities.
Question 2

Should a government count everyone in the country every ten years, even though it costs a lot of money?

AI Evaluation Criteria:

Fluency and Coherence Lexical Resource Grammatical Range and Accuracy Pronunciation

[Bài tập luyện nói]

💡 Show Model Answer (After recording) ▼

In my view, yes, they really should. Conducting a census every decade gives the government accurate numbers about how many residents actually live in each region. Without updated figures, it's almost impossible to plan public services properly, like building enough schools, hospitals, or roads. I know it costs a huge amount of money, but relying on outdated guesses causes bigger problems in the long run. I remember our local clinic was constantly crowded because the population in our town grew so fast. So yeah, having regular counts is definitely worth the money.

Useful Phrases & Notes:

  • in my view: natural way to state a personal position.
  • plan public services properly: practical collocation for urban planning.
  • in the long run: common phrase for long-term outcomes.
  • worth the money: good value for what it costs.
Question 3

Is it a good idea for a country to limit how many people can live in its biggest cities?

AI Evaluation Criteria:

Fluency and Coherence Lexical Resource Grammatical Range and Accuracy Pronunciation

[Bài tập luyện nói]

💡 Show Model Answer (After recording) ▼

That's a tough question, but I don't think strict limits are the best solution. If a government caps the population in major cities, it might prevent people from finding better jobs or education. Instead of stopping people from moving, I reckon it's better to invest in smaller towns so they become more attractive places to live. I mean, if smaller towns had better transport and modern facilities, fewer people would feel forced to pack up and move to overcrowded capitals. So, spreading out opportunities makes much more sense.

Useful Phrases & Notes:

  • that's a tough question: spoken filler to buy thinking time naturally.
  • caps the population: clear topic phrase for setting population limits.
  • pack up and move: casual spoken phrase for relocating residence.
  • spreading out opportunities: phrase for sharing jobs and chances between different places.
Question 4

Do you think online data will replace the national census in the future?

AI Evaluation Criteria:

Fluency and Coherence Lexical Resource Grammatical Range and Accuracy Pronunciation

[Bài tập luyện nói]

💡 Show Model Answer (After recording) ▼

I think it's very likely to happen eventually. Nowadays, a lot of information about people is already stored online. Relying on digital records would save a lot of time and reduce the huge expenses of sending workers door to door. However, some people, especially older generations, might not be active online, so we can't completely ignore them. But as time goes on, I believe digital tracking will take centre stage and replace traditional paper counts almost entirely.

Useful Phrases & Notes:

  • very likely to happen: useful structure for expressing future probability.
  • door to door: standard phrase for physical household collection.
  • as time goes on: natural transitional phrase for gradual changes.
  • take centre stage: idiom meaning to become the primary focus or method.

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