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C1 Advanced Grammar

🧠 Quantifier + Whom / Which

Adding extra information with "of whom" and "of which".

⏱️ 12-Minute Lesson

📋 How to use this lesson

👩‍🏫 For Teachers

Use this 12-minute review section with your advanced learners. Follow the steps in order for the best results, and check student answers against the automated feedback at the end of each task.

🧑‍🎓 For Learners

Read the four clear grammar rules and pattern examples first. Next, complete the 12 practice tasks from easy to hard, checking your work carefully when you finish.

Sentence Pattern Example

"The language school has forty students, most of whom already speak two languages."

📚 Grammar Rule Guide

4 Core Rules

People vs. Things & Ideas

Use of whom after numbers for people. Use of which for things or ideas. Never use of who or of that.

🔹 The researchers met ten multilingual speakers, most of whom showed high brain flexibility.

🔹 The university offers three cognitive courses, all of which focus on language mastery.

🔹 The tour guides, most of whom speak three languages, work in the old town.

Word Order & Pairs

Put the number or amount word first, then add of whom or of which. Use both only when you talk about two items.

🔹 She studied two distinct dialects, both of which require deep native-like proficiency.

🔹 The institute tested fifty monolingual adults, a few of whom struggled with the switching task.

🔹 She teaches two courses, both of which are free.

Extra Information & Punctuation

This part gives extra details and must sit between commas. The main sentence remains complete without it, so never drop the commas.

🔹 Young children in the dual immersion program, none of whom spoke English initially, made fast progress.

🔹 The brain scans revealed active neuron networks, several of which lit up during executive control tasks.

🔹 My cousins, none of whom live nearby, call me every Sunday.

Avoiding Repeated Pronouns

Do not add extra words like they or them after the phrase. The action word comes right after the phrase when it acts as the subject.

🔹 The clinic recorded a mixture of patients, the first of whom showed delayed brain ageing.

🔹 The school opened new language classes, many of which improved overall student attention.

🔹 The school has six teachers, a few of whom come from abroad.

✏️ Practice Tasks (12 Questions)

Tasks 1 - 12

SECTION A Choose the Correct Sentence

1 (people)

Select the sentence that correctly refers to human subjects in research:

____ a. The neuroscientists interviewed twenty multilingual speakers, most of which spoke three dialects fluently. ____ b. The neuroscientists interviewed twenty multilingual speakers, most of whom spoke three dialects fluently. ____ c. The neuroscientists interviewed twenty multilingual speakers, most of who spoke three dialects fluently. ____ d. The neuroscientists interviewed twenty multilingual speakers most of whom spoke three dialects fluently.

2 (pronoun)

Select the sentence that avoids repeating object pronouns:

____ a. The team analyzed twelve neuron pathways, several of which they showed enhanced activity. ____ b. The team analyzed twelve neuron pathways, several of which showed enhanced activity. ____ c. The team analyzed twelve neuron pathways, several of them showed enhanced activity. ____ d. The team analyzed twelve neuron pathways several of which showed enhanced activity.

3 (two)

Select the correct sentence describing exactly two proficiency exams:

____ a. The student completed two proficiency exams, both of which measured executive control. ____ b. The student completed two proficiency exams, all of which measured executive control. ____ c. The student completed two proficiency exams, both of that measured executive control. ____ d. The student completed two proficiency exams, both of whom measured executive control.

SECTION B Join the Sentences

4 (extra)

Join the two sentences into one using most of whom. Add commas and replace the pronoun:

"The clinic tested thirty monolingual patients. Most of them performed well on memory recall."

____ (Type the complete combined sentence...)

5 (things)

Join the two sentences into one using several of which. Add commas and replace the pronoun:

"The research paper cited five studies on brain ageing. Several of them were published last year."

____ (Type the complete combined sentence...)

6 (commas)

Join the two sentences into one using all of whom. Add commas and replace the pronoun:

"The academy admitted forty applicants for language mastery. All of them demonstrated dual fluency."

____ (Type the complete combined sentence...)

SECTION C Fill the Gaps

7 (nobody)

Complete the sentence with the appropriate relative phrase:

"The seminar welcomed fifteen monolingual adults, ____ had ever studied a foreign language before."

8 (pair)

Complete the sentence with the correct quantifier phrase for two items:

"The university introduced two new enrolment options, ____ boost student cognitive attention span."

9 (order)

Complete the sentence specifying the first element in a sequence:

"The lab recorded ten neuron responses, ____ indicated immediate cognitive adaptation."

SECTION D Correct the Error in a Message

10 (relative)

Fix the error in your friend's chat message. Rewrite ONLY the underlined incorrect phrase:

💬 Message from Alex:

"Hey! I just read three articles on cognitive ageing, two of that were super interesting!"

Corrected phrase: ____ (Type corrected phrase here...)

11 (form)

Fix the error in your colleague's text message. Rewrite ONLY the underlined incorrect phrase:

💬 Message from Sarah:

"Our department hired six new multilingual tutors, many of who have dual degrees."

Corrected phrase: ____ (Type corrected phrase here...)

12 (repeat)

Fix the error in your study group message. Rewrite ONLY the underlined incorrect phrase to remove the redundant pronoun:

💬 Message from Mark:

"We tested eight bilingual subjects for attention flexibility, all of whom they passed with high marks."

Corrected phrase: ____ (Type corrected phrase here...)

🎉 Excellent review! Remember: Quantifier + of whom (people) / of which (things) always requires surrounding commas and no duplicate subject pronouns!

Quantifier + Whom / Which

🧠 Quantifier + Whom / Which

📋 How to use this lesson

📚 Grammar Rule Guide

People vs. Things & Ideas

Word Order & Pairs

Extra Information & Punctuation

Avoiding Repeated Pronouns

✏️ Practice Tasks (12 Questions)

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