C1CEFRGrammar12 min

Preparatory Object It

Light pollution and dark skies

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C1 Grammar • Light Pollution & Dark Skies

Preparatory Object It

Learn how to use "it" as a placeholder object before longer ideas in formal sentences.

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How to use this lesson

👩‍🏫 For Teachers

Introduce the rules in 3 minutes, allow 9 minutes for practice, and review answers as a group.

🧑‍🎓 For Learners

Read the rule table carefully, then complete the exercises in order to check your understanding.

RULES

Grammar Rules & Patterns

Pattern 1: find / think / consider + it + adjective + to-verb

Fixed Object

When you use words like find, think, or consider, put the word it before the describing word and the action at the end. Keep it in the sentence always.

🌟 Astronomers find it difficult to track faint objects from a bright town.

✨ Stargazers consider it hard to spot the weak starlight near urban centers.

Pattern 2: make + it + possible / clear / difficult + to-verb / that-clause

Action & Clause

Put it right after make when adding words like possible, clear, or difficult before the action. You can also say make it clear that before a full idea.

🌟 Shielded lamps make it possible to watch a meteor shower from the park.

✨ The new council rules make it clear that every street fixture must point downward.

Pattern 3: take it that + clause / see to it that + clause

Fixed Phrases

Use take it that when you assume something is true, and see to it that when you promise to make something happen. Never drop the word it here, and use present time after see to it.

🌟 I take it that the council will switch the floodlights off at midnight.

✨ The park ranger will see to it that no heavy spotlight disturbs the wildlife at dusk.

Pattern 4: owe it to + person/group + to-verb

Duty & Responsibility

Use this pattern when you have a duty to help or respect someone. Say owe it to them to do something, not owe them to do it.

🌟 We owe it to our children to leave them a sky they can look up at.

✨ We owe it to future generations to preserve the view of every distant constellation during twilight.

✅ Correct (Keep "it")

  • "The new law makes it possible to build safer lamps."
  • "We owe it to the city to reduce glare."

⚠️ Avoid (Missing "it")

  • "The new law makes possible to build safer lamps."
  • "We owe the city to reduce glare."
PRACTICE

12 Interactive Exercises

Part 1 Choose the Correct Sentence

Item 1 of 12 (missing)

Which sentence uses the preparatory object pattern correctly?

____ a. Many city dwellers find hard to appreciate the full brightness of the night sky. ____ b. Many city dwellers find it hard to appreciate the full brightness of the night sky. ____ c. Many city dwellers find hard it to appreciate the full brightness of the night sky.
Item 2 of 12 (missing)

Which sentence uses the preparatory object pattern correctly?

____ a. Installing shielded fixture models makes it possible to reduce light pollution. ____ b. Installing shielded fixture models makes possible it to reduce light pollution. ____ c. Installing shielded fixture models makes possible to reduce light pollution.
Item 3 of 12 (missing)

Which sentence uses the fixed phrase correctly?

____ a. The mayor will see to that every unshielded floodlight is replaced soon. ____ b. The mayor will see to it that every unshielded floodlight is replaced soon. ____ c. The mayor will see it to that every unshielded floodlight is replaced soon.

Part 2 Rewrite Sentences (Add the missing word 'it')

Item 4 of 12 (missing)

Rewrite the sentence below by adding the one missing word "it" without changing any other words.

"Tourists consider breathtaking to see the night sky without urban glare."

____
Item 5 of 12 (missing)

Rewrite the sentence below by adding the one missing word "it" without changing any other words.

"The new lighting law makes possible to illuminate streets safely while protecting wildlife."

____
Item 6 of 12 (missing)

Rewrite the sentence below by adding the one missing word "it" without changing any other words.

"I take that you will turn off the decorative spotlight before midnight."

____

Part 3 Fill in the Gaps

Item 7 of 12 (easy)

When visiting dark sky reserves, astronomers ____ photograph distant galaxies.

Item 8 of 12 (possible)

Dimming every residential lamppost will ____ preserve natural twilight conditions.

Item 9 of 12 (see)

The park supervisor promised she would ____ every campsite floodlight is turned off by 10 PM.

Part 4 Correct Errors in Messages

Item 10 of 12 (missing)
💬 "Hey! We owe to our community to protect our local dark skies from excessive brightness. Let's sign the petition today!"

Correct the error by typing the complete correct phrase for "owe to our community to":

____
Item 11 of 12 (missing)
💬 "Hi Sam! We owe our children to show them the beauty of a natural constellation before dusk."

Choose the corrected sentence for the message above:

____ a. Hi Sam! We owe it to our children to show them the beauty of a natural constellation before dusk. ____ b. Hi Sam! We owe to our children to show them the beauty of a natural constellation before dusk. ____ c. Hi Sam! We owe our children it to show them the beauty of a natural constellation before dusk.
Item 12 of 12 (missing)

Rewrite the sentence by adding the one missing word "it".

"We owe to future generations to keep our sky free from skyglow."

____

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