👨‍🏫 For the Teacher:

Guide learners through the four rule cards step by step in 12 minutes. Assign the 12 practice tasks for individual or pair work and review answers together.

👩‍🎓 For the Learner:

First, read each rule box carefully and study the underlined words in the example sentences. Next, complete the 12 practice exercises to check your understanding.

Preposition Placement

When a little word like along, with, at or for belongs to what you did, keep it at the end. We say the friend I waited for, never the friend I waited.

• The truck the children are sitting on is painted blue.

• The costume she was proud of was blue.

Talking About People

For a person, you can say who or that, or say nothing. In daily speech, who is more usual than whom at the end, so these all mean the same: the girl I sat next to, the girl who I sat next to, the girl that I sat next to.

• The man who I waited for wore a green hat.

• I met the girl I danced with.

Talking About Things

For a thing, you can say which or that, or say nothing. Never add it after the little word: the mask she asked for, not the mask she asked for it.

• The ribbon that she was looking for was under the bed.

• The mask she asked for was made of beads.

Leaving Out Pronouns

You can leave out who, that or which only when another doer comes next, like the girl I danced with. If it is the doer, you must keep it: the woman who sold the tickets is right, the woman sold the tickets is not.

• The woman who sold the tickets knew the woman I waited with.

• The performer who twirled the fire entertained the crowd.

____ a. The street we marched along was full of performers. ____ a. The street we marched along was full of performers. ____ a. The street we marched along was full of performers.

____ a. The colorful mask that she was looking for was under the bed. ____ a. The colorful mask that she was looking for was under the bed. ____ a. The colorful mask that she was looking for was under the bed.

____ a. The dancer who I waited for wore a giant carnival costume. ____ b. The dancer I waited wore a giant carnival costume. ____ c. The dancer that I waited for him wore a giant carnival costume.

The high stilts ____ were tall.

The beads ____ were bright and red.

The fancy costumes ____ looked amazing.

The loud drumbeat ____ echoed across the whole parade square.

The golden ribbon that the acrobat played ____ was flying high in the air.

The parade artist ____ entertained the crowd walked on tall stilts.

💬 "Hey! The long street we marched was decorated with colorful dye."

💬 "Look! The shiny bead that she pointed at it fell onto the floor."

💬 "The boy twirled the flag greeted the dancer I walked with."